Gum disease is a prevalent but largely preventable condition that impacts the tissues around the teeth. In fact, a study from 2019 revealed that 90% of adults in Singapore experience some form of gum disease, ranging from mild to severe!
Gum disease is a progressive condition that doesn't develop overnight. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent it from worsening. Understanding the risk factors for gum disease can help you take proactive steps to protect your oral health.
Gum disease refers to the infection and inflammation of the tissues surrounding the teeth. It is primarily caused by plaque buildup on the teeth and gums. Gum disease can be categorised as-
We know that gum disease occurs due to the accumulation of plaque on the teeth and gums. But what exactly is plaque?
Plaque is a sticky, colourless film composed of bacteria, food remnants and saliva. It begins forming just minutes after brushing. In its early stages, there are relatively few bacteria, posing no immediate threat to dental health. However, within 24-48 hours, plaque matures and bacterial colonies multiply rapidly, potentially damaging tooth enamel and leading to decay.
Within 48-72 hours, plaque can mineralise and harden into tartar, a rough and porous substance that provides a surface for further plaque accumulation and bacterial growth. Unlike plaque, tartar cannot be removed through regular brushing and flossing alone and requires professional cleaning by a dentist or dental hygienist.
Tartar buildup significantly contributes to the development of gum disease. Scaling and root planing is a common treatment for gum disease. Regular brushing and flossing are essential to remove plaque and prevent gum disease. By practicing daily oral hygiene, including brushing your teeth twice a day and flossing, you can significantly reduce plaque formation and maintain optimal dental health.
Below are some factors that contribute to an increased risk of developing gum disease (gum disease causes).
Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque to build up on teeth and gums, leading to gum inflammation and disease.
Misaligned or crowded teeth can make it more difficult to clean effectively, increasing the risk of gum disease.
Dental appliances that do not fit properly can trap plaque and bacteria, contributing to gum irritation and disease.
Tobacco use weakens the immune system and makes it harder for gum tissue to heal.
Some individuals may be more genetically predisposed to gum disease, making regular dental care especially important.
Certain medications can affect oral health by reducing saliva flow or causing gum tissue overgrowth.
Conditions such as diabetes and autoimmune diseases can increase the risk of gum disease due to impaired immune function and inflammation.
Such as during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause can make the gums more susceptible to irritation from plaque.
When gums bleed, especially during brushing or flossing
Swollen or tender gums
Receding gums or gums that appear to be pulling away from the teeth, making the teeth look longer
Persistent bad breath which is not easily eliminated with brushing or mouthwash
Pus between teeth and gums, indicating the presence of an infection
Shifting or loose teeth or a change in the way teeth fit together when you bite.
Visible tartar buildup that appears as a yellowish or brownish buildup along the gum line.
By maintaining good oral hygiene and promptly seeking dental care, you can prevent gum disease from advancing and causing more severe issues. If you have severe gum disease and are experiencing significant bone loss, your dentist may recommend guided tissue regeneration. Identifying the early stages of gum disease is important for timely treatment and prevention of complications.
Periodontal disease, if left untreated, can have serious consequences that extend beyond oral health. Numerous studies have linked it to systemic health problems. Early detection and treatment of the various stages of gum disease are essential to prevent severe complications.
Periodontitis and diabetes1: It's a two-way relationship. This means that diabetes not only impacts the development and severity of periodontitis, but periodontitis also affects how diabetes progresses and is managed. Studies have found that people with periodontitis are twice as likely to have diabetes compared to those without periodontitis.
Periodontitis and heart disease2: It is thought that bacteria or toxins from infected gums can travel through the bloodstream, potentially leading to the development of blockages in arteries. Studies have shown that individuals with periodontitis are 0.5 to 2.8 times more likely to experience heart disease.
Periodontitis and pregnant women3: Research findings suggest that periodontitis is associated with a significant six-fold increase in the risk of premature birth. This means that pregnant women with periodontitis are at a much higher likelihood of delivering their babies prematurely compared to those without this dental condition.
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